Essay on My Examination as a Writer - 550 Words

My Examination as a Writer The process of examining me as a writer is not easy. Writing, for me, has never been an easy task. Many times I sat for hours contemplating my blank piece of paper just trying to figure out how to begin to write the creative writing assignment due in a few days for my high school English class. I knew that learning to write well took patience and practice, much like learning any other skill. I remember the long hard hours I spent developing my skills as a skateboarder. I knew that I had to find the same attitude to develop my writing skills. I knew also that I wanted to continue my education and pursue a law degree. Definitely my writing skills had to be developed. This September I†¦show more content†¦However, this semester has truly allowed me to develop my confidence as a writer. I was not asked to write something out of nothing. The writing tasks have generated from already written selections. I have come to understand that reading and writing are interrelated. By becoming a better reader, I become a better writer. Reading is, thus, a springboard to writing. This semester reading has provided the guidelines for my writing assignments. I had to analyze something already written, internalize the meaning and re-write it in my own words. This strategy gave me the assurance I needed to develop my English writing skills. I have grown in vocabulary and I have grown in my ability to express my ideas. Reading and then writing in response to that reading gave me confidence because my response was my creation. Each person is unique in his/her manner of expression, thereby, producing unique pieces of writing. Throughout my college courses, I know that I will be called on to do much writing in response to material read. I will have to analyze the ideas presented by different authors and react to them using my own words. 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A Quick View at the Twnetieth Century United States up to...

The publication medium of print established political awareness for adults, yet captured the attention of youth. Political cartoons impose variations of opinion by showcasing another nation inadequacies in war, subjecting other countries to blame for World War II. In the political cartoons entitled: Daddy, What Did You Do in the Great War, a little blonde girl and her brother seem to be having family time with their father. The cartoon is illustrated to capture a brief pause between the daughter’s question and the father’s response, as the father appears startled by the question and unprepared for the response. (Lumley) Being that blonde hairiness is associated with â€Å"All-Americaness,† the children represent the patriotic values the father lacks. The father’s different colored hair, paired with his facial expression, hints his shame complimented by his hand on his chin and the down turn of his lips, the daughter look to him for an answer. She holds a b ook of what is implied source of her question. Being that the title is positioned below the son and away from the father’s face, the illustrator wanted to advert the audience’s eyes to his face, to his daughter, to his son, and then to the title. With the son toying with army soldiers and the daughter reading a book, the Great War unifies the two children, but differentiates them from their father. As they recognize the call of what is an American during, patriotism. The universal medium of photography so dad and efficient

Health Economics and Comparative Health- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theHealth Economics and Comparative Health. Answer: Introduction The burden of asthma is fur felt not only in Australia but also globally with many countries developing strategies to tackle this economic challenge. The economics of asthma is related to the cost that is attributed to management, medication and other indirect costs that also contributes to the economic impact of asthma felt on the population of Australia. This is also similar to other countries and globally as asthma becomes global disease (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). Asthma cause lifelong condition that needs high medical attention in the life of a person diagnosed with uncontrolled asthma. Studies indicate that asthma affects people from all walks of life cutting across all genders and age groups within a population. For instance, data shows that children under the age of 5 years experience the incidence of asthma at the rate of 23 per 1000 each year. This is also true to those aged between 12 and 17 that has an incidence of 44 per 1000 annually. Given these number of patients suffering from asthma the productivity of such individuals is related to their health status at the workplace. This is based on the fact that those patients affected with the burden of asthma are unproductive as compared those healthy ones. When making a comparison with other countries, there are similarities in terms of cost related to management of uncontrolled asthma and the challenges it poses to the productivity of each individual (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2015). Body Economics of asthma in Australia The economic burden of asthma can be explored based on the cost that can be attributed to asthma. This cost can be categorized into direct cost, indirect cost and intangible cost that is also associated with the burden of uncontrolled asthma. Direct cost The direct cost of uncontrolled asthma includes the cost of asthma management, treatment cost, and other direct costs. The cost of asthma management refers to all the cost that is attributed to the cost that is required for medication when the patient visited the doctor for medical services. The economics of asthma in Australia indicates that asthma is one of the diseases that have overburden patients leading to loss of funds through management. For instance, the data available indicates that the cost for prescribed pharmaceuticals in 2015 alone total to $263 per person in Australia (NHIS, 2012). This statistics also differs depending on different age groups across the population that affected by the burden of asthma. The direct cost associated with asthma can also be studied based on the cost incurred when patients are admitted to the hospital. Many Australians suffering from asthma often spend a huge amount of money for inpatients. Patients are admitted to hospitals that may be private or public hospitals under high expenditure that is estimated to be more than $102 per person within Australia annually. The cost of hospital admission is also high given that about 3.8% of the adults are admitted with asthma-related complications as compared to 4.9% cases of children. This cost also considers the number of admissions experienced within the emergency departments where most patients sometimes are admitted as primary care. Of the total number of patients admitted in the emergency department children mostly age between o-18 years account for 3.5 % (Reddel et al, 2012). Indirect cost associated with uncontrolled asthma The burden of uncontrolled asthma can also be studied based on the indirect cost include work-related costs, early mortality costs. Firstly, asthma patients have work-related problems that are also connected frequent hospital admission and medication. Work-related issues as an indirect cost of the asthma burden are felt in many sectors throughout Australia leading to low productivity of those patients. The reduction of productivity of those people diagnosed with asthma especially due to continuous medication results in economic challenges not only at the family level but also at the industry level. Secondly, the early mortality rate is also common among those patients diagnosed with acute asthma. The mortality of asthma reduces the number of people that would otherwise productive leading to the economic sabotage. Moreover, the mortality of the patients with uncontrolled asthma causes the families to lose a huge amount of funds in the event that patients under heavy medication die (Ma rks et al, 2007). Intangible cost of uncontrolled asthma Intangible costs of uncontrolled asthma include quality of life, pain, limited physical activities and job changes. Firstly, one of the intangible costs that are associated with asthma is the poor quality of life that indirectly affects the economic productivity of the patient. Uncontrolled asthma generally attached to the poor quality of life as patients continuously under medication and often are under emergency hospital admission. The poor quality of life is also common due to other health-related problems. Secondly, asthma complications are also associated with pain as patients require frequent hospitalization and medication. Thirdly, limited physical activities are another intangible cost that is also associated with the burden of asthma. Asthma reduces the physical body activities that also make the patient experience other health-related problems. The reduced body activities are also characterized by the low economic productivity of those individuals with uncontrolled asthma ( Lai et al, 2013). The cost of comorbidities The asthma is also characterized by many comorbidities that also has similar cost as the cost of asthma itself. The impact due to comorbidity is highly felt in areas with minimal or limited primary health care. This due to the inability of the patient to treat or have medication to tackle the diseases related to asthma. Some of the comorbidity that is linked to asthma includes psychiatric diseases, rhinitis, cardiac diseases and sleep apnea. For instance, 10% of asthma patients have sinusitis while 60% of these asthma patients also have rhinitis. In order to control asthma, there is need to control the comorbidity thereby affecting the cost of managing asthma. Moreover, asthma complications often result in high treatments that are similar or reaching the cost of asthma. This implies control of comorbidity to the level of less than 50% will control asthma to the same level (Yelin, et al, 2007). Parties that bear the cost of asthma This cost or burden of asthma is distributed across various parties within the stakeholder's categories. Firstly, the federal government bears the cost or burden of asthma diseases based on the MBS and PBS programs run by the government. It is estimated that the two programs cost a total of $515.6 million per year to fund this initiative (Masoli, Fabian, Holt Beasley, 2008). Secondly, the cost of asthma is also felt by the state or territory governments that fund various hospitals bearing the cost of treating asthma-related disease. This is estimated to cost over $335 million annually depending on the number of hospitals funded each year. Thirdly, individuals and families of those patients also bear the cost through spending on medications and hospital admissions co-payments. This is also a huge payment that can be estimated to near $221.7 million per year. Lastly, another group that also bears the cost that attributed to asthma are private health insurance and charities that also t ake part in funding asthma-related expenditures and this can be estimated to cost more than $173.1 million per year (Stow et al, 2007). Economic of impact of asthma Based on the evidence of asthma burden on both the family and economy, in general, all the direct, indirect and intangible cost of asthma burden or cost has an impact on the economy of Australia. This economic impact can be felt at personal, family and at national (Masoli, Fabian, Holt Beasley, 2008). At the personal level, the economic impact of asthma is very severe that leaves some individual facing high economic challenges. The cost of management and medication of asthma poses an economic threat to personal finances as many funds are directed to treatment and management of asthma. Asthma mortality has a high economic impact on the countrys economy since the mortality causes the death of productive and economically viable population (National Asthma Council Australia, 2015). At the family level, the economic impact of asthma is heavily felt as most family members normally contribute their finance to the last penny. For instance, it is projected that asthma kills more than 180000 annually. This has a high impact on the overall productivity since some this people dying from asthma or asthma-related deaths reduce the number of employees (Masoli, Fabian, Holt Beasley, 2008). At the national level, the impact of asthma is severe due to a reduction in the productivity resulting from more absenteeism. The reduction of the number of absenteeism resulting from asthma-related hospital admission or asthma-related complications. Data indicate that asthma patients normally report high absenteeism from work and this has a high economic impact on the overall productivity. Based on the evidence on the cost of asthma in case of limited finance, most of the families that are unable to manage asthma resulting to poverty and economic challenges to such families and individuals. At the national level, the impact of asthma can also be extended to the global level where the disease has been expressed as a matter of concern. And this is due to its economic impact at the global level. The burden of asthma in the United States of America is quite similar to Australia A data from the United States of America shows a similar case of asthma to Australia though the number is a little different. In America, the number of patients diagnosed with asthma is estimated to be over 40 million translating to 8% of the total population. The prevalence of asthma is currently around 18% and this number is almost the same globally (Mukherjee et al, 2014). The asthma is associated with an economic burden that cut across the entire age groups. The number of those patients with uncontrolled is worrying due to the continuously increasing number of those patients. By 2011 the total expenditure on asthma-related complications or medications is estimated to be $56 billion increasing from $12 billion in 1994. This in general shows that the medical expenditure for asthma patients is much higher as compared to patients with other diseases. This is due to continuous spending that is common for those patients with asthma as compared to those patients with other diseases (Sul livan et al, 2014). Direct cost for asthma The expenditure of asthma within the United States can be broken down based on different periods of time. The expenditure for each year includes increases by $5322 from $3802 during the period between 2004 and 2006 as compared to between 1996 and 1998 (Jang, Gary, Huang Sullivan, 2013). This was represented by actual costs of $861 to $1174 as compared to $974 to $ 2010. The cost of burden resulting from asthma continues to increase each year in a huge amount. Increasing spending due to medication is cited in all instances as the driver for the high cost of asthma management. This is also different when compared to the cost attributed to emergency or hospitalization cost in general. The direct cost when hospital admission is evaluated shows that 20% of patients with asthma get admitted into hospital facilities at the rate of 3.6 days per hospital (Qin et al, 2012). Indirect cost associated with asthma The indirect cost that is associated with asthma is common with a reduced number of days that most employees are absent from work each year. For instance, during the period of 2002 to 2007, a total of $56 billion productivity losses were lost due to morbidity coupled with another $3.8 billion loss due to mortality of employees. This show the tremendous loses due to absenteeism or mortality of the employee caused by asthmatic related complications in the United States. The poor quality of life is another indirect cost that is associated with asthma medication or management. A life full of comorbidity and exacerbation of asthma symptoms that necessitate the need for medication hospital visits. This reduces the productivity of such individual thereby reducing companys production as employees suffering from asthma are paid though has limited hospital commitments (Lee et al, 2011). United Kingdom The United Kingdom is another country that can be compared to Australia when comparing the burden of asthma. The economics of asthma in the United Kingdom differs abet from that of Australia since the health structure in the UK can allow the patient to restrict constraints resulting from the cost of diseases such as asthma. In the United Kingdom, asthma is treated as the primary cause of budget burden witnessed within the primary health care system. This cost is also coupled with over 4 million consultations by medical personnel each year. In the UK it is estimated that over 400 patients are admitted to the hospital facilities with asthma-related issues that require medication and subsequently huge payment. This number translates to combine effort of over 330000 people affected by patients with asthma annually. Upon evaluating the economic implication of the number, nearly over $5 billion is dedicated to treatment or management of asthma and asthma-related complications. The governme nt, on the other hand, is estimated to fund the health service through the amount estimated to cost over $ billion. Similarly, 50% of the total expenditure on the management of uncontrolled asthma among the population is contributed by patients and their families (Mukherjee et al, 2014). The indirect cost of asthma The effect of asthma and the economics of asthma within the United Kingdom can be directly compared to that of Australia though the two countries are dissimilar. The economics of asthma reveals a worrying trend in the employment sectors as many employees with asthma have reduced the number of working days per year. When calculated in terms of working days the number of working days that are lost each year total to about 20 million. Secondly, patients with asthma sometimes show an inability to work or premature disabilities despite the low mortality rate in the United Kingdom. Early mortality is also common in the country as compared to Australia. The overage absenteeism is 5.6 days for those patients treated at home as compared to 13 days that are lost due to hospitalization (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators, 2016). Comparison health analysis There are many similarities on the economic impact of asthma in Australia and United States. Firstly, both direct costs are similar and this shows that direct cost includes medication that is felt on the treatment of asthma patients (Miles Peters, 2014). Secondly, the structure laid out in the health management of asthma in American presents many similarities. However, the United Kingdom being another country facing the similar economic impact of asthma has a dissimilar structure as most of the asthma medication is directed using insurance and funding organizations that offload the burden of asthma (Azevedo et al, 2014). For instance, in the United Kingdom, a reasonable amount of money is devoted to the consultation services as compared to the Australian asthma economics that has the huge amount of money devoted to treatment and management of asthma. Rebuttal Despite the economic challenges caused by asthma, there are also ways to reduce these economic impacts of asthma on health system and country in general. Two strategies to ensure that there is reduction of the economic impact of asthma on population include prevention and early treatment (GINA, 2014). Firstly, early treatment for patients diagnosed with asthma is one way to reduce economic impact of asthma since it reduces the number of comorbidities associated with asthma. Secondly, there are a number of preventive strategies that are been laid down to reduce the economic impact of asthma that is felt due to uncontrolled asthma. This strategy has been developed by the government through health care department though the overall plan remains a challenge to implement (Stow et al, 2007). Conclusion In conclusion, the economic burden of the uncontrolled asthma is felt both at the national level and at the global level. Asthma is a condition that results in poor quality of life characterized by continuous medication and hospitalization leading to low economic productivity. Asthma burden is also felt due to its mortality that makes the family lose economically viable individuals. Uncontrolled asthma has direct cost, indirect cost, intangible costs and cost attributed to treating of comorbidity. This cost has both direct and indirect economic impact on the family finances and to some extent the economics of Australia. The comparison analysis indicates that there are many similar costs attributed to uncontrolled asthma that can be felt in Australia and America. The situation is different in the United Kingdom, where there is health care system structure laid down that is different from that of Australia. Reference Azevedo L.F., et al, (2014), Operational definitions of asthma in recent epidemiological studies are inconsistent. Clin Transl Allergy, 4:24. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), (2014), Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Update 2014 and Online Appendix. Available at: https://www.ginasthma.org. Global Asthma Report 2014, (2014), available at https://www.globalasthmareport.org/resources/Global_Asthma_Report_2014N978-0-473-29126-6. Accessed 12 Nov 2014. GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. (2016), Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 19802015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 388 (10053): 14591544. Jang, J., Gary C.K.C, Huang, H. Sullivan, S.D. (2013), Trends in cost and outcomes among adult and pediatric patients with asthma: 2000-2009. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 111:51622. Lai, C.K., et al, (2013), Asthma Insights and Reality in Asia-Pacific Steering Committee. Asthma control in the Asia-Pacific region: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Asia-Pacific Study. Journal of Allergy Clin Immunol, 111:2638. Lee, Y.H., et al, (2011), Economic burden of asthma in Korea. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2011;32:3540. Marks, G.B., et al, (2007), Asthma management and outcomes in Australia: a nation -wide telephone interview survey, Respirology, 12(2): 212-219. Masoli, M., Fabian, D., Holt, S. Beasley, R. (2008), Global initiative for asthma (GINA) Program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA dissemination committee report. Allergy. 2008;59:46978. Miles, M.C. Peters S.P. (2014), Asthma, https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-au/professional/pulmonary-disorders/asthma-and-related-disorders/asthma, accessed July 2015. Mukherjee M, et al, (2014), Burden and True Cost of Asthma in the UK Research Team. Estimating the incidence, prevalence and true cost of asthma in the UK: secondary analysis of national stand-alone and linked databases in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales - a study protocol. BioMedical Journal Open. 2014;4:e006647. National Asthma Council Australia (2015), Australian Asthma Handbook, https://www.asthmahandbook.org.au/, accessed July 2015. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (2012), Data, Statistics, and Surveillance. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2012/data.htm. Accessed 22 Oct 2014. National Health and Medical Research Council (2015), Asthma research funding summary, https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants-funding/research-funding-statistics-and-data/asthma-nhpa, accessed August 2015. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2014), What is asthma? https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/asthma, accessed July 2015. Qin, X., et al, (2012), Asthma incidence among children and adults: findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system asthma call-back surveythe United States, 20062008. Journal of Asthma, 2012; 49:1622. Reddel, H.K., et al, (2012), Trends in the prevalence of asthma in Australia, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 185: A3241. Stow, P.J., et al, (2007), improved outcomes from acute severe asthma in Australian intensive care units (19962003), Thorax, 62(10): 842-847. Sullivan, P.W., et al, (2014), The relationship between asthma, asthma control and economic outcomes in the United States. Journal of Asthma, 51:76978. Vos, T., et al, (2015), Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 19902013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013,The Lancet,S0140-6736(15)60692-4. Yelin, E. et al, (2007), Work life of persons with asthma, rhinitis, and COPD: a study using a national, population-based sample, Journal of Occupational Medicine, 1:2.

Ivan Essay Example For Students

Ivan Essay The book, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich by Alexander Solzhenitsyn is a book with many hidden themes and symbols. This book based on a day in a Stalinist labor camp through the eyes of the main character Shukhov. Solzhenitsyn does a great job of showing how brutal these camps were. The way these ideas and visualizations are expressed is what makes this a great book. With Themes and symbols throughout this story, Solzhenitsyn captures the unjust treatment of these captives. Through the daily routines of Shukhov, Solzhenitsyn expresses the struggle for dignity, individuality and meaning that these captives faced. One of the main points I believe that Solzhenitsyn was trying to display in his book was the battle for human dignity. In this prison they try to strip all self esteem from the inmates. They are treated as if they were animals and most of the inmates after time began to act like inmates. Shukhov was an exception to the rule. He refused to let the labor camp strip him of his self pride and dignity. When most would act like the animals they were treated as, Shukhov would resist and act as a civil human being. A great example of this is when the inmates go eat. Then Shukhov took his cap off his shaved head however cold it was, he would never eat with it on. (pg 16) While other inmates rushed to eat there food and threw bones onto the floor, Shukhov remained extremely well mannered in the way he went about eating his meal just as he did before he entered the prison. While others give into the animalistic ways of the prison, Shukhov remains constant and dignified and Solzhenitsyn shows th is as a way for Shukhov to segregate himself from the prison. Another everyday activity that takes place for Shukhov is the placing of his spoon in his boot after each meal he has. To Shukhov, something as simple as his spoon is extremely important. The spoon he keeps in his boot is something that he has that no other inmate has. To Shukhov the spoon represents eccentricity. The spoon is something that is unique to Shukhov and in a way it represents him. A spoon is a tool used to nourish oneself and to Shukhov, taking care of himself physically and spiritually is important to him. A simple spoon is one extremely important part of Shukhovs wellbeing in the concentration camp. One of the biggest symbols in the book was bread. Bread was nourishing to the inmates physically throughout the entire story. Bread was what they wanted and what they needed to be happy. At the end of the story bread was what brought not only physical peace to Shukhov by curving his hunger but it also brought spiritual peace to him when he gave the little bread he had to Alyoshka. After giving his bread away Shukhov became peaceful with his surroundings. Shukhov went to sleep and was happy. Hed had a lot of luck today. Shukhov finally understood what Alyoshka meant when he referred to the Lords Prayer and his suggestion to daily bread. Shukhov spiritually received his daily bread for the first time and found peace with himself. Solzhenitsyn main intent in describing the daily life of this specific inmate was to uncover the themes and symbols that the inmates used to get by in everyday life. Without things like Shukhovs spoon or daily bread many of these prisoners would not have been able to survive.

How to Write a Sample Introduction Argumentative Essay

How to Write a Sample Introduction Argumentative EssayWhile many students are intimidated by the task of writing a sample introduction argumentative essay, they should not be. Many students will find that this type of essay is one of the easiest types of essays to write and with a little practice, they will often find that they can finish a good one in as little as five minutes. Here are a few tips for making this type of essay more effective:Never be afraid to stray from the norm. A common mistake that most students make when they are writing an argumentative essay is to follow a pattern. After all, it is easier to write an essay that follows a certain format than it is to write an essay that is in its own unique format. Try to think outside the box and experiment with different styles of writing before you decide on one particular style.Focus on building your essay around a specific idea or theme. When you have a particular idea or theme that you want to explore in your essay, try to make the most of it. Make sure to tie the idea into some of the points that you are trying to make in your essay. This will allow you to build your essay more easily and will also make it much easier to relate the ideas that you are trying to express in your essay.Don't forget to provide examples in your essay. Without examples, it is hard to connect the ideas that you are trying to express in your essay. In addition, you should remember that you should never show your examples in your essay. Always show your examples in a way that is creative, but not too much so. In fact, you may want to consider using this tactic of showing your examples in a way that is creative.One major difference between an argumentative essay and an essay is that the former is meant to persuade the reader, while the latter is meant to inform. Whileboth are persuasive, they differ greatly in terms of the tone that is used. You should try to create a tone that is very convincing and persuasive. This is usua lly done with an argumentative essay, however, you can still use a few examples in your essay in order to show different aspects of the topic that you are covering.You also need to consider what kind of reader you are writing for. If you are writing for a certain demographic, then you should try to make the essay as persuasive as possible. On the other hand, if you are writing for an audience that does not care about persuading, then you should be able to get across the point that you are trying to get across in the easiest way possible.Finally, your essay needs to be concise and to the point. You should consider using long sentences or unnecessary word or phrase usage in order to make your essay easier to read. Even though you can provide lots of examples, it is still best to keep it to a minimum.Before you begin writing, you should keep in mind that a good argumentative essay requires time and effort. However, this does not mean that it is difficult to write. Many students find th at they can write a persuasive essay without learning a great deal about writing.

Should Parents be blamed or Youth Violence free essay sample

Youth violence is one of the escalating problems facing our society nowadays (Yonus n. d). What is youth violence? Based on Natalie (2002), youth violence is necessity to oversee youth violence relative incidence, analyses behavior over time, measuring the range of youth violence in different legal power. Youth violence is regarding the young person, for example children, adolescents, and teenagers between the ages are of 10 and 24. Although others mention that parents are to be blamed for youth violence as they are too busy, neglected their children and do not teach them moral values, there are others factors to consider. Opponents mention that parents are busy with their work and do not bother about their children. In today’s world most parents are working. As a consequence both father and mother not able to take care their children. So they lack attention and the children get involved the violence. However in the today’s world both parents must work. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Parents be blamed or Youth Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because nowadays the difficult economic situation to maintain the family and. The parents are work and money important to the family. Nowadays money is most significant to maintain the family. Parents work to earn money for the family`s basic necessities such as food, drinks and clothes. Parents make money to ensure their children are in better social environment (Rivare 2002). For example if they got money parents can send their children in discipline them in schools which will not involve them in youth violence problems and they learn discipline. So parents make sure work for their children to get better education at the same time they also pay attention to their behavior. Opponents state that parent neglect their children and children get involved in violence. Parents do not care for their children and they always care for themself. Some parents have bad attitude so their children also follow them. However violence in media can also influence the teenagers such as television. For instance, according to Anderson(2008), the main cause of youth violence is television. Sometimes the teenagers view the violent scenes and they apply their life. For example they believe in television violence and they display in their life. Peer pressure can also cause youth violence. The youths are influenced by friends, not only at home but in school and social appearance. They learn some bad attitudes from their friends such as violent behavior. The peer pressure is particularly prevalent when the youths gather information without parents’ permission and involve in violence. In additional mental illness is one of the major cause for youth violence, said (John, 2009). When the teenagers addicted by this problem they choose the wrong way such as violence and also the do not listen their parents advice. Opponents believe that parents do not teach them moral values to their youths. In the modern world parents do not bother about culture and the moral values. They also do not follow the moral values. However sometime the children do not follow or listen to parent’s advice. When the parents teach them the moral values, they do not listen and fight with the parents. Therefore lack of spiritual also the cause of youth violence. Nowadays the teenagers do not think about the spiritual. If they learn spiritual, be do not involve in violence because of the modern culture. They became addicted by modern culture and involve in violence. If they follow the spiritual they do not involve in violence because spiritual is felt in a forced in the correct ways. Another factor is lack of involvement in conventional activities. Conventional activities are like (PLKN) and more. The teenagers are not interest in this type of activities. They always spend time an unnecessary things such as violence. When their parents force them to involve in that type of activities, they became angry and scold the parents. In a nut shell, parents are not to be blamed for the cause of youth violence and also there are others factors for youth violence. The main cause of youth violence is unnecessary relationship, also peer pressure and mental illness and also other factors. So the teenagers should follow the correct way. Teenagers should follow parent’s instructions and advice for their bright future.

The Background of the Battle of Lepanto

The Background of the Battle of Lepanto The Battle of Lepanto was a key naval engagement during the Ottoman-Habsburg Wars. The Holy League defeated the Ottomans at Lepanto on October 7, 1571. Following the death of Suleiman the Magnificent and ascent of Sultan Selim II to Ottoman throne in 1566, plans commenced for the eventual capture of Cyprus.  Held by the Venetians since 1489, the island had largely become encircled by Ottoman possessions on the mainland and offered safe harbor for corsairs that routinely attacked Ottoman shipping.  With the end of a protracted conflict with Hungary in 1568, Selim moved forward with his designs on the island. Landing an invasion force in 1570, the Ottomans captured Nicosia after a bloody seven-week siege and won several victories before arriving at the last Venetian stronghold of Famagusta.  Unable to penetrate the citys defenses, they laid siege in September 1570. In an effort to bolster support for the Venetian fight against the Ottomans, Pope Pius V worked tirelessly to construct an alliance from the Christian states in the Mediterranean. In 1571, the Christian powers in the Mediterranean assembled a large fleet to confront the growing menace of the Ottoman Empire. Assembling at Messina, Sicily in July and August, the Christian force was led by Don John of Austria and contained vessels from Venice, Spain, the Papal States, Genoa, Savoy, and Malta. Sailing under the banner of the Holy League, Don Johns fleet consisted of 206 galleys and 6 gallasses (large galleys that mounted artillery). Rowing east, the fleet paused at Viscardo in Cephalonia where it learned of the fall of Famagusta and the torture and killing of the Venetian commanders there. Enduring poor weather Don John pressed on to Sami and arrived on October 6. Returning to sea the next day, the Holy League fleet entered the Gulf of Patras and soon encountered Ali Pashas Ottoman fleet. Deployments Commanding 230 galleys and 56 galliots (small galleys), Ali Pasha had departed his base at Lepanto and was moving west to intercept the Holy Leagues fleet. As the fleets sighted each other, they formed for battle. For the Holy League, Don John, aboard the galley Real, divided his force into four divisions, with the Venetians under Agostino Barbarigo on the left, himself in the center, the Genoese under Giovanni Andrea Doria on the right, and a reserve led by lvaro de Bazn, Marquis de Santa Cruz in the rear. In addition, he pushed gallasses out in front of his left and center divisions where they could bombard the Ottoman fleet. The Fleets Clash Flying his flag from Sultana, Ali Pasha led the Ottoman center, with Chulouk Bey on the right and Uluj Ali on the left. As the battle opened, the Holy Leagues gallasses sank two galleys and disrupted the Ottoman formations with their fire. As the fleets neared, Doria saw that Uluj Alis line extended beyond his own. Shifting south to avoid being flanked, Doria opened a gap between his division and Don Johns. Seeing the hole, Uluj Ali turned north and attacked into the gap. Doria responded to this and soon his ships were dueling with Uluj Alis. To the north, Chulouk Bey succeeded in turning the Holy Leagues left flank, but determined resistance from the Venetians, and the timely arrival of a gallass, beat off the attack. Shortly after the battle began, the two flagships found each other and a desperate struggle began between Real and Sultana. Locked together, Spanish troops were twice repulsed when they tried to board the Ottoman galley and reinforcements from other vessels were needed to turn the tide. On the third attempt, with aid from lvaro de Bazns galley, Don Johns men were able to take Sultana killing Ali Pasha in the process. Against the wishes of Don John, Ali Pasha was beheaded and his head displayed on a pike. The sight of their commanders head had a severe impact on Ottoman morale and they began withdrawing around 4 PM. Uluj Ali, who had success against Doria and captured the Maltese flagship Capitana, retreated with sixteen galleys and twenty-four galliots. Aftermath and Impact At the Battle of Lepanto, the Holy League lost 50 galleys and suffered approximately 13,000 casualties. This was offset by the freeing of a similar number of Christian slaves from the Ottoman ships. In addition to the death of Ali Pasha, the Ottomans lost 25,000 killed and wounded and an additional 3,500 captured. Their fleet lost 210 ships, of which 130 were captured by the Holy League. Coming at what was seen as a crisis point for Christianity, the victory at Lepanto stemmed Ottoman expansion in the Mediterranean and prevented their influence from spreading west. Though the Holy League fleet was unable to exploit their victory due to the onset of winter weather, operations over the next two years effectively confirmed a division of the Mediterranean between the Christian states in the west and the Ottomans in the east.